The objective of the communication is to analyze the characteristics of the training projects and their relationship with the development of collaborative work in Higher Education Institutions. As a study methodology, a documentary investigation was carried out, through the review and obtaining of information in various bibliographical sources. The results indicate that training projects are a strategy aimed at training people who, in a collaborative way and with the support of new technologies, are able to mobilize their knowledge in solving (...) their most pressing context problems, so they differ from traditional educational practices, in which knowledge are transmitted by the teacher in an academic manner. In conclusion, it is necessary to continue carrying out theoretical and empirical studies that enable the educational change required by the society of our time. (shrink)

From the most prominent thinkers in Latin American philosophy, literature, politics, and social science comes a challenge to conventional theories of globalization. The contributors to this volume imagine a discourse in which revolution requires no temporalized march of progress or takeovers of state power but instead aims at local control and the material conditions for human dignity.

The ancient one-to-one relationship with the biological life cycle has gradually deteriorated due to the world undergoing a metamorphic process. Such a metamorphosis has affected ecological harmony, in terms of it being both an approach to studying the relationships between living beings and the environment, and a branch of knowledge protecting and promoting ecological balance. One of the crucial aspects of this phenomenon is the need to rethink and redefine the concept of life in an era that has been described (...) as the “Anthropocene”. In introducing this special issue of the Journal, the paper aims to investigate the environmental question, which plays a crucial role in contemporary political thought, due to the survival of both nature and mankind being threatened. Since the 1950s, such a complex situation has resulted in two lines of thought whose views follow two opposed ideologies – anthropocentrism and anti-anthropocentrism. (shrink)

El presente artículo presenta una línea de lectura desdefundamentos psicológicos, basados eminentemente en conceptualizaciones psicoanalíticas, para pensar, articular y fundamentar la educación socioemocional. Ofrece herramientas teóricas nodales, en relación con conceptos tales como el de “identificación”, el de “función tutorial”, el de “prójimo y el semejante”, entre otros, dando cuenta de la constitución psíco-socio-emocional del sujeto, en relación con su dependencia estructural respecto del Otro.

This article discusses what could be called “the adventure of translating” Sein und Zeit in Spanish. It argues that every translation is an adventure, and particularly the translation of a philosophical text. A translation does not literally reproduce into another language what an author or philosopher affirms. The question is instead to express it in the most accurate form with the resources of the translator’s language, in such a way that the text may sound as if it was written in (...) the language to which it is to be translated. This article refers to the very long route that the author had to go over in order to make Sein und Zeit “speak” a good and clear Spanish. (shrink)

Este texto se recomprende la noción escolástica de verdad como adecuatio intellectus et rei a la luz de la la interpretación heideggeriana como ¿develación¿. Para ello se siguen tres momentos al hilo de tres preguntas: ¿en qué consiste esta adecuación?, ¿en qué sentido el intelecto y la cosa pensda se parecen? y ¿cuál es la esencia de la verdad?

The formula "being of beginning " is employed by Hegel to name the immediate non- determined being from which the beginning of science must take place. Beginning come together in it. Being and doing of beginning are one. To Hegel, this means that being is the only and factic response to the question about beginning. The being of beginning neither is nor represents itself by means of any principle, it is pure "determinetness". To Hegel, the task of depuration and action (...) of beginning constitutes the moment of consummation of philosophy. "Being", as a concept in itself, is set as pure sign void of signification. But in this lack of signification lies the "demand of signs". "Being of beginning" expresses being as pure sign. Lack and significance, considered up to now as negation and position of the being of beginning, are both consummated simultaneously and at the same time. Consummation of scepticism also carries nominalism with it. All words and representations may be emptied of significance and set to work in view of pure signification. But pure being may be considered, in the context of the Doctrine of Being, as the irreductible result of the proof of semiotic resistance carried out in the beginning. Scepticism consummates itself in beginning. "Being" is the only sign that signifies, even empty of significations; it is the only signifier in itself.La fórmula "ser del comienzo" es utilizada por Hegel para denominar al ser inmediato indeterminado a partir del cual debe ser hecho el comienzo de la ciencia. En ella convergen comienzo y ser. El ser y el hacer del comienzo son uno. Esto significa para Hegel que el ser es la única y fáctica respuesta a la pregunta por el comienzo. El ser del comienzo no es ni se representa mediante ningún principio, él es pura determinidad . La tarea de depuración y acción del comienzo constituye para Hegel el momento de consumación de la filosofía. "Ser" en tanto concepto en sí es puesto como signo puro vaciado de significación. Pero en esta carencia de significación radica la "demanda de signos". "Ser del comienzo" expresa al ser en tanto signo puro. Carencia y significación, considerados hasta aquí como negación y posición del ser del comienzo, se consuman ambos simultánea y conjuntamente. La consumación del escepticismo conlleva también del nominalismo. Todas las palabras o representaciones pueden ser vaciadas de significado y puestas en función de la pura significación. Pero el ser puro puede ser considerado, en el contexto de la Doctrina del ser, como el resultado irreductible de la prueba de resistencia semiótica efectuada por el comienzo. El escepticismo se consuma en el comienzo. "Ser" es el único signo que significa aún vacío de significados, es el único signo significante en sí. (shrink)

The questions inherent to the relationship between time and freedom reach their maturity in the works of Hegel and Schelling. In this article, we will attend particularly to the latter since the way opened by his "Investigations on the essence of human freedom" derives quite clearly into the successive attempts of exposition of a system of time in the "Ages of the World" and in the Lessons of München . Following Schelling's development, then, we will try to understand why in (...) the post-Kantian idealism the search for a philosophy of the spirit as a system of freedom leads to treat "time" not only as an a priori intuition of sensibility but as an inherent determination of the absolute, and in that sense, why in Schelling's thought system of freedom and system of time are equivalent to the exposition of the absolute.Las cuestiones inherentes a la relación entre tiempo y libertad alcanzan su madurez en las obras de Hegel y Schelling. En el presente artículo atenderemos de manera particular a este último, ya que el camino abierto por sus Investigaciones sobre la esencia de la libertad humana deriva con cierta claridad en los sucesivos intentos de exposición de un sistema del tiempo en las Edades del mundo y en las Lecciones de München . Siguiendo el desarrollo de Schelling, pues, intentaremos comprender por qué en el idealismo postkantiano la búsqueda de una filosofía del espíritu como sistema de la libertad conduce a tratar el "tiempo" ya no sólo como una intuición a priori de la sensibilidad sino como una determinación inherente al absoluto, y, en tal sentido, por qué en el pensamiento de Schelling sistema de la libertad y sistema del tiempo equivalen a la exposición del absoluto. (shrink)

El documento presenta la propuesta ecuatoriana como una política pública viable tanto desde el punto de vista nacional como internacional. Se analizan las razones de por qué no debe atarse esta iniciativa al mercado de carbono, y se proponen premisas para impulsar acuerdos políticos que tendrán como momento clave la reunión del Convenio de Cambio Climático en Copenhague. En el documento se proponen varias posibilidades y condiciones políticas y económicas para estructurar un fondo solidario a fin de hacer viable la (...) iniciativa de no explotación del crudo en el Parque Nacional Yasuní. Se destaca que la propuesta ha recibido ya el respaldo del Parlamente Alemán, y que está en la agenda de varios parlamentos y gobiernos a nivel internacional. (shrink)

LIPMAN, Matthew y PINEDA, Diego A.: Marcos. Novela de filosofía social y política, Bogotá, Editora Beta, 2004.

The topology of DNA duplexes changes during replication and also after deproteinization in vitro. Here we describe these changes and then discuss for the first time how the distribution of superhelical stress affects the DNA topology of replication intermediates, taking into account the progression of replication forks. The high processivity of Topo IV to relax the left‐handed (+) supercoiling that transiently accumulates ahead of the forks is not essential, since DNA gyrase and swiveling of the forks cooperate with Topo IV (...) to accomplish this task in vivo. We conclude that despite Topo IV has a lower processivity to unlink the right‐handed (+) crossings of pre‐catenanes and fully replicated catenanes, this is indeed its main role in vivo. This would explain why in the absence of Topo IV replication goes‐on, but fully replicated sister duplexes remain heavily catenated. (shrink)

The global market for biologics and biosimilar pharmaceutical products is experiencing rapid expansion, primarily driven by the continuous discovery of new molecules. However, information regarding Latin America’s biological market remains limited.

The present study aims to verify the psychometric properties of the Spanish versions of the Social Roles Questionnaire (SRQ; Baber & Tucker, 2006), Modern Sexism scale (MS) and Old-fashioned Sexism scale (OFS; Swim et al. Swim & Cohen, 1997). Enough support was found to maintain the original factor structure of all instruments in their Spanish version. Differences between men and women in the scores are commented on, mainly because certain sexist attitudes have been overcome with greater success in the current (...) Spanish society, while other issues, such as distribution of power in organizational hierarchies or distribution of tasks in the household, where traditional unequal positions are still maintained. In all cases, it was found that men showed greater support for sexist attitudes. The correlations between the three instruments were as expected in assessing sexist attitudes that tend to relate to each other. Eventually, we found no empirical evidence for the postulated link between sexist attitudes and traditional gender stereotypes. Our results call for the validity and effectiveness of the classic theories of gender psychology, such as gender schema theories (Well, 1981; Markus et al., 1982) and the notion of a gender belief system (Deaux & Kite, 1987; 2001). (shrink)

Natural Law is considered by many jurists an ambiguous concept. In this article we offer a concise history of ancient and mediaeval Natural Law as well as how it is present in the modern Bills of Human Rights. In the Natural Law it is convenient to distinguish what is caducous from that still valid.

Os prólogos dos comentários de Tomás de Aquino às obras de Aristóteles são de suma importância, porque neles o autor apresenta o que se poderia denominar “o marco conceptual” do trabalho que está empreendendo. No caso do Comentário à Política, o conceito fundamental é o conceito de natureza. A afirmação de que existe uma “imitação da natureza” significa, para Tomás, muito mais do que representou para seus antecessores. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Tomás de Aquino. Comentário. Política. Natureza. Imitação. ABSTRACT The prologs of (...) Thomas Aquinas to the works of Aristotle are of main importance, because in these prologs the author presents what could be called “the conceptual mark” of the tasks he is undertaking. In the case of the Comments to the Politics, the fundamental concept is the concept of nature. The statement that there is an “imitation of nature” means, for Thomas, much more that it had represented for his antecessors. KEY WORDS – Thomas Aquinas. Comment. Politics. Nature. Imitatio. (shrink)

After having stressed the differences between the classical and the modern con-cept of political science, the paper exposes the two steps in the process of deterioration of political science: political Augustianism and the progressive reduction of politics to a technical knowledge. The author concludes maintai-ning the importance of the practical and not technical dimension of political knowledge for its rehabilitation.

É célebre a tese de H.-X. Aquilliêre, afirmando que na Idade Média há uma passagem da noção político-filosófica romana de estado para uma noção teológica, que radicaliza algumas idéias agostinianas. Cabe perguntar o que há de consistente nessa tese.

The paper traces the origin of the term State, the evolution of its concept and its relation with Right in ancient and medieval philosophy, and focuses then on Machiavelli and the classics of Political Philosophy of modernity. Next it turns to study the emergence of the concept of sovereignty in Bodin and Hobbes, which, together with the corpuses of law, characterize modern State. The exposition ends with the introduction, starting from Locke, of the idea that the first source from which (...) sovereignty originates is the people. And this being so, it becomes clear that the head of the State is a representative of the people or mandatary. The sovereignty of those who preside the State is sovereignty by trust. The way is thus definitely open for the theory of popular sovereignty, which by no means implies a discussion about sovereignty of State. Both are perfectly complementary and one cannot express itself without the other.El trabajo rastrea el origen del término Estado, la evolución de su concepto y su relación con el derecho en la Filosofía antigua y medieval, para centrarse luego en Maquiavello y en los clásicos de la Filosofía política de la modernidad. Estudia luego la aparición del concepto de soberanía especialmente en Bodino y en Hobbes, el cual, junto con el aparato legal, son los que caracterizan al Estado moderno. La exposición concluye con la introducción, a partir de Locke, de la idea de que la primera fuente de donde emana la soberanía es el pueblo. Y si esto es así, está claro que la cabeza del Estado es un representante del pueblo o un mandatario. La soberanía del que preside el Estado es una soberanía por fideicomiso. El camino está así definitivamente abierto para la teoría de la soberanía popular, la cual no implica de ningún modo una puesta en tela de juicio de la soberanía del Estado. Ambas son perfectamente complementarias e incluso, una no puede expresarse sin la otra. (shrink)

Philosophical discussions on cognition (ranging from computational and representational approaches to the 4E fra-mework), on the one hand, and those on sound and auditory per-ception, on the other, have hitherto remained apart. In this paper, the author addresses the concept of “auditory cognition”. While committing to the conceptual analysis of the latter, the author in-troduces the discussion of modality-specif ic approaches. Since the contributions made so far in the domain of the philosophy of sound and auditory perception are prone to (...) favor computational-repre-sentational approaches —e.g., the perceptual coherence model (Méndez-Martínez, 2022)—, the exploration of 4E possibilities will lay down a series of questions aimed to encourage future developers from that viewpoint. In that sense, the author explores conceptual entailments and connections between the genealogy of theories within the philosophy of sound and auditory perception, and the hypothesis of the extended cognition (EX). (shrink)